Utah AI Policy Act (stack — SB 149 + 2025 + 2026 amendments)

Jurisdiction:
Utah
enforcing
Effective:
May 1, 2024
Authority:
Utah Division of Consumer Protection
Official text

Obligations Covered

Transparency & Disclosure Data Governance Record-Keeping & Documentation Risk Assessment Human Oversight

Timeline

MilestoneDateNotes
SB 149 signedMar 13, 2024Gov. Cox signed
SB 149 effectiveMay 1, 2024Office + disclosure + criminal mirror
Boyd appointedApr 30, 2024Director, Office of AI Policy
Office formally launched2024-07 (month only)Per GovTech, May 2025
SB 226, SB 271, SB 332, HB 452 effectiveMay 7, 2025Four-bill single-day package
2025 annual report deadlineBefore 2025-11-30Annual duty to Business & Labor Interim Committee; this row does not identify the first report
HB 320 effectiveMay 6, 2026Learning Lab restructure
2026 annual report deadlineBefore 2026-11-30Include recommended legislation from Learning Lab findings (§13-72-201(3)(d)); no guaranteed replacement enactment
Chapter 72 sunsetJul 1, 2027Office + Lab + agreements expire; other chapters survive

Related Regulations and Standards

Related instruments are selected from shared compliance obligations and jurisdiction coverage.

General GenAI Disclosure

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Obligation:
Transparency
enforcing
Effective:
May 7, 2025
Risk tier:
general
Scope:
suppliers in consumer transactions

Requirements

RequirementDetails
On-request disclosureMust disclose AI use when consumer makes "clear and unambiguous request"
Safe harborClear + conspicuous disclosure at outset and throughout eliminates enforcement exposure (§13-75-104)

Penalties

ViolationFine
Admin enforcementUp to $2,500 per violation
Court enforcementUp to $2,500 per violation; disgorgement; attorney fees; investigative fees
Order violationUp to $5,000 per violation

High-Risk GenAI Disclosure in Regulated Occupations

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Obligation:
Transparency
enforcing
Effective:
May 7, 2025
Risk tier:
high-risk
Scope:
regulated-occupation providers

Requirements

RequirementDetails
Proactive disclosureRequired only for "high-risk AI interactions" (§13-75-101(5)): sensitive data (health/financial/biometric) or personalized advice in finance/legal/medicine/mental health
Verbal at startRequired at start of oral exchange
Written before startRequired in electronic messaging before written exchange

Penalties

ViolationFine
Same as general disclosure$2,500 admin / $2,500 court / $5,000 order violation

Mental Health Chatbot Disclosure

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Obligation:
Transparency
enforcing
Effective:
May 7, 2025
Risk tier:
high-risk
Scope:
mental health chatbot suppliers

Requirements

RequirementDetails
Pre-access disclosureMust disclose before user may access chatbot features
Post-gap disclosureDisclosure at start of interaction when >7 days since user's last interaction
On-prompt disclosureDisclosure any time user asks whether AI is used
Carve-outScripted-only output (meditations, mindfulness) and referral-to-human-therapist bots excluded (§13-72a-101(10)(b))

Penalties

ViolationFine
AdminUp to $2,500 per violation
CourtUp to $2,500 per violation; disgorgement; attorney fees
Order violationUp to $5,000 per violation

Mental Health Chatbot Data Protection

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Obligation:
Data Governance
enforcing
Effective:
May 7, 2025
Risk tier:
high-risk
Scope:
mental health chatbot suppliers

Requirements

RequirementDetails
No sale/sharingMay not sell or share identifiable health information or user input with third parties
Health care exceptionPermitted when user-consented or user-requested to health care provider or health plan
HIPAA-equivalent controlsThird-party sharing for functionality requires HIPAA Parts 160 + 164 Subparts A/E compliance as if supplier were a covered entity

Penalties

ViolationFine
Same as chatbot disclosure$2,500 admin / court / $5,000 order violation

Mental Health Chatbot Safety Policy

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Obligation:
Record Keeping
enforcing
Effective:
May 7, 2025
Risk tier:
high-risk
Scope:
Mental health chatbot suppliers seeking the affirmative defense to administrative or civil liability alleged under §58-1-501(1) or (2); policy/documentation/filing duties here are conditions of that defense (§58-60-118(2),(6)), not a universal supplier mandate
The defense does not bar an enforcement action or license a chatbot as a therapist (§58-60-118(7)); separate Chapter 72a consumer-protection duties remain applicable

Requirements

RequirementDetails
Defense policyTo qualify, create, maintain and implement a written policy covering intended purposes, therapist involvement, clinical best practices, testing, risk identification, user reporting, acute-risk protocols, safety reviews, safe-use instructions, AI-awareness disclosure, engagement-over-safety prohibition, non-discrimination, HIPAA compliance
DocumentationTo qualify, maintain documentation of foundation models used, training data, HIPAA compliance, user data practices, ongoing accuracy/safety efforts
FilingTo claim the defense, file the required policy and supplier/chatbot information with the Division of Consumer Protection in its required manner and pay the filing fee (§58-60-118(4)); the Division may impose an annual filing fee (§58-60-118(5)(b))
Compliance conditionTo qualify, comply with all requirements of the filed policy at the time of the alleged violation (§58-60-118(2)(d))
Defense limitsThe defense does not bar the Division from bringing the specified enforcement action, does not recognize a chatbot as a licensed therapist, and does not displace separate Chapter 72a consumer-protection duties (§58-60-118(6)-(7))

Penalties

ViolationFine
Affirmative defenseLimited to administrative or civil actions alleging §58-1-501(1) or (2); it does not bar the Division from bringing such an action and does not extend to separate Chapter 72a consumer-protection liability (§58-60-118(6)-(7))

AI-Generated Personal Identity Abuse

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Obligation:
Transparency
enforcing
Effective:
May 7, 2025
Risk tier:
high-risk
Scope:
any person using or distributing tools for personal-identity creation

Requirements

RequirementDetails
Expanded scopePersonal identity now covers name, title, picture, portrait, video likeness, voice, audiovisual appearance — including AI simulation/reproduction
Voice definitionAny computer-generated sound "readily identifiable and attributable" to an individual
Tool distribution liabilityKnowingly distributing tools whose "intended primary purpose" is unauthorized personal-identity content creation for commercial purposes = abuse
ExemptionsNews, public affairs, sports, art, parody, political speech; §230 interactive-computer-service safe harbor

Penalties

ViolationFine
Civil action
Criminal

Regulatory Mitigation and Joint Interpretation Agreements

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Obligation:
Record Keeping
enforcing
Effective:
Invalid Date
Risk tier:
variable (per agreement)
Scope:
Learning Lab participants

Requirements

RequirementDetails
Participant eligibilityFive prongs per §13-72-402: technical capability, financial resources, substantial consumer benefits outweighing risks, risk-monitoring plan, appropriately-limited scope
Agreement contentsScope limits, safeguards, mitigation granted, required consumer disclosures, reporting requirements (§13-72-401(4))
CounterpartiesOAIP + relevant state agency or governmental entity (judiciary, higher-ed, political subdivisions per HB 320)
TermInitial 12 months + up to 2 × 12-month extensions (36 months total per §13-72-403)
Mandatory auditsOAIP "shall perform regular audits" while agreement is active (§13-72-401(6), HB 320)
Agreement typesRegulatory mitigation (waives specified law) or joint interpretation (clarifies statute application to AI)
Annual reportAnnually before November 30 to Business & Labor Interim Committee: learning agenda, findings/participation/outcomes, executed agreements, and recommended legislation from Lab findings (§13-72-201(3)(d)); the provision does not mandate replacement enactment

Penalties

ViolationFine
Agreement violation

Liability for AI-Assisted Violations

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Obligation:
Record Keeping
enforcing
Effective:
Invalid Date
Risk tier:
all
Scope:
any principal using or prompting GenAI

Requirements

RequirementDetails
Civil (§13-75-102)"Not a defense" that GenAI made the violative statement, undertook the violative act, or was used in furtherance
Criminal (§76-2-107)Principal may be found guilty if they commit offense "with the aid of" or "intentionally prompt" GenAI to commit offense

Penalties

ViolationFine
CivilPer underlying consumer-protection statute
CriminalPer underlying offense — no separate penalty
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Attribution: EveryAILaw, PAICE.work PBC. “Utah AI Policy Act (stack — SB 149 + 2025 + 2026 amendments)”, EveryAILaw.com, Jun 4, 2026. https://everyailaw.com/regulation/utah-sb149/

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