Law on Artificial Intelligence

Jurisdiction:
Vietnam
enforcing
Effective:
Mar 1, 2026
Authority:
Ministry of Science and Technology
Official text

Obligations Covered

Risk Assessment Conformity Assessment Human Oversight Transparency & Disclosure

Timeline

MilestoneDateNotes
National Assembly passageDec 10, 2025Law No. 134/2025/QH15
EffectiveMar 1, 2026Full application
Grace period (other sectors)Mar 1, 202712 months for existing systems
Grace period (health/education/finance)Sep 1, 202718 months for existing systems in critical sectors

Related Regulations and Standards

Related instruments are selected from shared compliance obligations and jurisdiction coverage.

Risk-Based AI Classification #

Obligation:
Risk Assessment
enforcing
Effective:
Mar 1, 2026
Risk tier:
high-risk
Scope:
providers, deployers

Requirements

RequirementDetails
Risk classificationAI systems classified and managed based on risk levels
High-risk listPrime Minister prescribes the list of high-risk AI systems
Conformity assessmentHigh-risk systems require conformity assessment and certification before use
Grace periods18 months for legacy systems in health/education/finance; 12 months for others

Penalties

ViolationFine
Non-compliancePer inspection and examination provisions (Chapter VI)

Human Oversight and Ethical Principles #

Obligation:
Human Oversight
enforcing
Effective:
Mar 1, 2026
Risk tier:
all
Scope:
providers, deployers

Requirements

RequirementDetails
Human-centricArt. 4: AI activities must place humans at the center
Human authorityArt. 4: AI must not replace human authority in decision-making
Monitoring protectionArt. 4: prohibits obstructing or falsifying human monitoring, intervention, and control
Ethical principlesChapter V (Arts 26-27): national AI ethics framework and ethical responsibility/impact assessment — transparency, fairness, non-bias

Penalties

ViolationFine
Non-compliancePer inspection and examination provisions (Chapter VI)

AI Content Labeling and Disclosure #

Obligation:
Transparency
enforcing
Effective:
Mar 1, 2026
Risk tier:
high-risk
Scope:
providers

Requirements

RequirementDetails
Machine-readable markingArt. 11(2): providers must mark AI-generated audio, image, and video content in a machine-readable format
Deployer notificationArt. 11(3): deployers must give clear notice when publishing AI-generated/edited content likely to confuse authenticity; Art. 11(4): simulations of real persons/events need easily recognisable labels
Conformity informationArt. 13 / Art. 14(1)(e): high-risk systems require conformity assessment; providers must publicise functional description, operating methods, and risk warnings
Labeling requirementsArt. 7(5): prohibits concealing, erasing, or falsifying mandatory information, labels, and warnings
Deepfake prohibitionArt. 7(2)(b): prohibits forged elements or simulations of real people/events used to systematically deceive or manipulate

Penalties

ViolationFine
Non-compliancePer inspection and examination provisions (Chapter VI)
Cite this regulation

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